Indian Navy is one of the six Naval Powers of the world having nuclear powered submarines.
Submarines are watercraft vessels capable of underwater operations. Widely used in World War-I and now used in many Navies.
It is used for attacking enemy ships and submarines and it has a large range and capabilities.
Indian Navy posses 16 conventionally powered submarines of four classes :-
1. Arihant class
2. Shishumar class
3. Sindhughosh class
4. Kalvari class
Arihant class
Arihant class is a new class of nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine which is under development by the Indian Navy.
They are capable of nuclear Strike.
Arihant class is the first nuclear powered submarine built by a country other than five permanent members of the United Nation Security Council.
They have been developed under the 90,000 crore Rupees Advanced Technology Vessel Project.
| Arihant Class Submarines | Commissioned | Status |
| INS Arihant | August 2016 | Active |
Shishumar class
Shishumar class submarines are in active service of the Indian Navy.
They are diesel electric attack submarines developed by German Yard Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft (HDW).
The first two shishumar class submarines were built by HDW and the rest were built at Mazagon Dock Limited.
It has a displacement of 1600 tons and a high speed of 41 km/hr.
It requires a crew of 40 members and 8 officers.
Their dimensions are:-
Length:- 64.4 m
Beam:- 6.5 m
Draught:- 6 m
| Shishumar Class Submarines | Commissioned | Home Port |
| INS Shishumar | 22 September 1986 | Mumbai |
| INS Shankush | 20 November 1986 | Mumbai |
| INS Shalki | 7 February 1992 | Mumbai |
| INS Shankul | 28 May 1994 | Mumbai |
Sindhu Ghosh class
Sindhu Ghosh class is a class of submarines currently serving the Indian Navy.
Theese submarines are kilo class diesel electric submarines and were built under contract by Russia and India.
It has a displacement of 3000 tons and can dive depth up to 300 m. They can gain a speed of 35 km/hr.
It contains a crew of 53 members including 13 officers.
Their dimensions are:-
Length:-72.6 m
Beam:-9.9 m
Draught:- 6.6 m
| Sindhughosh Class Submarines | Commissioned | Home Port |
| INS Sindhughosh | 30 April 1986 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhudhvaj | 12 June 1987 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhuraj | 20 October 1987 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhuvir | 20 August 1988 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhuratna | 22 December 1988 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhukesari | 16 February 1989 | Visakhapatnam |
| INS Sindhukirti | 4 January 1990 | Visakhapatnam |
| INS Sindhuvijay | 18 March 1991 | Visakhapatnam |
| INS Sindhurakshak | 24 December 1997 | Mumbai |
| INS Sindhushastra | 19 July 2000 | Visakhapatnam |
Kalvari class
Kalvari class submarines were built for the Indian Army.
They were designed by the French Naval defense and manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai.
These submarines are diesel electric attack submarines and have a displacement of 1775 tons.
It can gain a speed of 37 km/hr.
Its crew contains 8 officers and 35 sailors.
Their Dimensions are:-
Length:- 67.5 m
Beam:- 6.2 m
Height:- 12.3 m
Draught:- 5.8 m
| Kalvari Class Submarine | Commissioned | Status |
| INS Kavari | 14 December 2017 | Active |
| INS Khanderi | 28 September 2019 | Active |
| INS Karanj | 10 March 2021 | Active |
| INS Vela | 25 November 2021 | Active |
| INS Vagir | 2022 (Expected) | Sea Trials |
| INS Vagsheer | 2022 (Expected) | Under Construction |
